初三下册英语语法要点分析总结（精选2篇）

初三下册英语语法要点分析总结 篇1

麻烦的是，不是所有的主动语态(the active voice)都可以转变为被动语态，因为有些及物动词(the transitive verb)是不适合以被动形式出现的。

下列句子可以证明：

① i have a japanese car.

② the auditorium holds 3000 people.

③ this coat does not fit you.

④ jane resembles her mother.

⑤ tom jumped the queue.

⑥ i wish you would mind your business.

⑦ such an idea has just crossed my mind.

此外，有些及物动词虽以主动语态出现，却具有被动含义，故不宜再转变为被动语态。其实，也不能变，因为这些动词后面没有宾语。例如：

⑧ this new knife cuts well.

⑨ nylon shirts wash easily.

⑩ jason"s books sell quickly.

11. this type of ball pens writes in two colours.

12. the note reads as follows : "……"

另有些动词，虽有主动语态，但却常以被动形式出现，以便更加符合动词惯用法。例如：

13. the train is scheduled to leave at 8pm.

14. all are supposed to come to the meeting on time.

15. the case was reported to the police.

13到15的主动语态为下，但却少见：

*the railway officer schedules the train to leave at 8pm.

*the director supposes all to come to the meeting on time.

*someone reported the case to the police.

最后还有一种情形，就是相当多动词出现在“be + 过去分词” 的结构里。看上去，它们像是被动语态;实际上，并没有被动的含义。更有趣的是，这些“be”后头的过去分词(the past participle )已经渐渐转化为形容词，充当“be”和其他接击动词(linking verbs)的补足语(the complement);因此不能和被动语态混为一谈。下面是 8 个常见的例子：

16. many undergraduates here are interested in business administration courses.

17. we were surprised at the unexpected news.

18. most successful people are distinguished for their courage and diligence.

19. david was very pleased with my work.

20. one can be tired of doing anything some of the time.

21. we are quite concerned about our friend"s predicament.

22. joelle is overwhelmed with joy.

23. are you acquainted with that field of study?

初三下册英语语法要点分析总结 篇2

unit 9

※被动语态

ⅰ.被动语态的构成形式be+vt.p.p.

(一).语态是英语动词的一种形式，是用于表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语语态分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)两种。

主动语态是表示主语是动作的执行者。如：1)yesterday i parked my car outside the school.

被动语态是表示主语是动作的承受者。2)a sound of piano is heard in the hall.

(二)被动语态的基本时态变化

在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是be+vtp.p.(及物动词过去分词)。其中be是变量，随时态的变化而变化;动词的过去分词是常量，永远不发生变化。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词(being)和过去分词(been)。那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：被动语态通常为八种时态的被动形式。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时

2)has/have been done 现在完成时

3)am/is/are being done 现在进行时

4)was/were done一般过去时

5)had been done 过去完成时

6)was/were being done 过去进行时

7)shall/will be done 一般将来时

8)should/would be done 过去将来时

ⅱ.一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：

英语里被动语态的使用似乎比汉语要广泛。英语的被动语态常用在下列的场合：1)当我们不知道动作的执行者的时候，如：1.look!there’s nothing here.everything has been taken away.

2.my car has been moved!

2)当我们不必提出动作的执行者的时候，如：i was born in 1960.

3)当我们强调或侧重动作的承受者的时候，如：she is liked by everybody.

ⅲ.特殊的被动结构

1)带情态动词的被动结构：它的固定句式为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。也有个别带to的情态动词例外，如：ought to 和have to，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中。例如：the debt must be paid off before next month那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。

2)带有两个宾语的主动语态变成被动语态

将这种主动态的句子完成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为“保留宾语”写入被动态的句中。但有一点要说明，那就是，如果你选直接宾语作“主语”，有时要在被动态句子的“保留宾语”前加上合格的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，即：我们可以说give sb.sth.,send sb.sth.,buy sb.sth;我们也可以说give sth to sb,send sth to sb buy sth for sb。请看下面两种情况的对照：

she sent me a novel on my birthday.

i was sent a novel on my birthday.

a novel was sent to me on my birthday.

3)关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态

如果将带有复合宾语(既：宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态的句子变成被动语态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动语态句子的主语;而这时，原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动语态句子的“主语补足语”了。

the story made us laugh.(宾语补足语)

we were made to laugh by the story.(主语补足语)

4)在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

someone saw a stranger walk into the building.

a stranger was seen to walk into the building.

有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例the meeting is to be put off till friday.

6)非谓语动词的被动语态。v+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态 (一般时态和完成时态)。例,i don’t like being laughed at in the public.there are two more trees to be planted.